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<p>Interesting in what is coming down the pike....</p>
<div class="" dir="auto">
<div class="ecm0bbzt hv4rvrfc ihqw7lf3 dati1w0a"
data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message">
<div class="j83agx80 cbu4d94t ew0dbk1b irj2b8pg">
<div class="qzhwtbm6 knvmm38d"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz
qv66sw1b c1et5uql rrkovp55 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm
aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db
jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto">
<div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">New mode FST4
– WSJT-X</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Steve Franke,
K9AN; Bill Somerville, G4WJS; and Joe Taylor, K1JT</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Version 2.3
of WSJT-X introduces a new family of digital modes we
designate FST41</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">These modes
have a wide range of capabilities and potential
applications. Their fundamental sensitivities are
better</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">than most
older modes in WSJT-X and are close to the theoretical
limits for the same information</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">throughput
rates. Particular target applications include</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span
class="pq6dq46d tbxw36s4 knj5qynh kvgmc6g5 ditlmg2l
oygrvhab nvdbi5me sf5mxxl7 gl3lb2sf hhz5lgdu"><img
alt="▪"
src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t4c/1/16/25aa.png"
width="16" height="16"></span> WSPR-like,
quasi-beacon transmissions on LF and MF bands</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span
class="pq6dq46d tbxw36s4 knj5qynh kvgmc6g5 ditlmg2l
oygrvhab nvdbi5me sf5mxxl7 gl3lb2sf hhz5lgdu"><img
alt="▪"
src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t4c/1/16/25aa.png"
width="16" height="16"></span> QSOs with very weak
signals on the LF and MF bands</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span
class="pq6dq46d tbxw36s4 knj5qynh kvgmc6g5 ditlmg2l
oygrvhab nvdbi5me sf5mxxl7 gl3lb2sf hhz5lgdu"><img
alt="▪"
src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t4c/1/16/25aa.png"
width="16" height="16"></span> EME on VHF and UHF
bands with T/R sequences both shorter and longer than
60 s</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">… but other
uses will surely be found, as well. We expect that
FST4 will serve some of its intended</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">purposes
better than older modes in WSJT-X, and without the
strict time- and frequency-locking</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">requirements
of modes such as EbNaut.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4 uses
4-GFSK modulation and offers T/R sequence lengths of
15, 30, 60, 120, 300, 900, and 1800</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">s. Submodes
A, B, C, and D provide different tone spacings, to
allow for use with a variety of propagation types and
Doppler spreads. Forward error correction uses a low
density parity check (LDPC) code with 240 information
and parity bits. <br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Transmissions
consist of a sequence of 120 information-carrying
symbols (2 bits each) interspersed with 40
synchronizing symbols. The underlying message payloads
contain either 77 bits (the standard payload for FT4,
FT8, and MSK144) or 50 bits (the standard for
quasi-beacon, WSPR-style messages). With WSPR-like
messages the mode</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">designation
becomes FST4W and the A submode is always used. In all
cases, message formats</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">displayed to
the user are the same as in the other 50-bit and
77-bit modes in WSJT-X.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Basic
parameters of the A submodes are given in the
following table. The measured sensitivities are based
on simulations on the additive white Gaussian noise
(AWGN) channel, and depend on oscillator</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">drifts and
path Doppler spreads being smaller than the tone
spacing over the full transmission length.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Do not
confuse FST4 with FT4 — a digital mode with 7.5 s T/R
sequences designed for HF and VHF contesting.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Submodes are
given full names like FST4-60A, where 60 indicates
60-second sequences and A impliesminimum tone spacing.
Submodes B, C, and D have larger tone spacings and
occupied bandwidths by factors of 2, 4, and 8,
respectively. <br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Sensitivities
of the wider submodes are degraded by amounts that
depend on Doppler spread and other details of the
propagation path. As with other recently developed
modes in WSJT-X, a feature called a priori (AP)
decoding improves sensitivity by several additional dB
as information accumulates during a standard minimal
QSO.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Suggested
test applications for some of the FST4 and FST4W
submodes include the following:</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4W-120A,
-300A, -900A, -1800A WSPR-like transmissions on the
630 and 2200 m bands</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4-120A,
-300A, … QSOs on the 630 and 2200 m bands</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4-15A
Ionospheric scatter (mid-day is best) on 50 MHz</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4-15A,
-30B, -30C, -30D Fast (contest?) EME QSOs on 144 –
1296 MHz ?</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4-120B,
-120C, -300C, -300D EME on 50, 144, 432 MHz with
weakest possible signals</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Many other
combinations are possible, and users will surely think
of some we have not considered. As</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">just one
example: VK7MO and VK7ZBX have had good success with
non-line-of-sight optical</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">scattering
communication over obstructed paths as long as 43 km,
using LED arrays and FST4W.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Operators
familiar with WSJT-X will find using the FST4 modes
straightforward, so we touch here only</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">on a few
differences. The decoder searches for decodable
signals only within the selected F Tol rangeeither
side of Rx Freq.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> We suggest
operating with File → Settings → General → Single
decode</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">checked.
(Note, however, that if more than one signal is
present multiple decodes can occur within the F Tol
range.) Other on-screen controls including Auto Seq
behave as expected in other WSJT-X modes.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">For EME, be
sure to check the options Enable VHF and submode
features and Decode after EME delay. Doppler tracking
for the EME path is accomplished in the same way as
with other WSJT-X modes.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">To see the
presently suggested default FST4 and FST4W frequencies
in the drop-down band-change</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">control you
may need to do a one-time reset. Go to File → Settings
→ Frequencies, then right-click on</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">the Working
Frequencies table and select Reset.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4W behaves
in most ways like the familiar WSPR mode. Sequence
lengths of 120, 300, 900, and</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">1800 s are
available. Rx Freq is always set to 1500 Hz and F Tol
to 100, so the active FST4W range is</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">1400 to 1600
Hz. A new drop-down control just under the one for T/R
sequence lengths provides a</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">round robin
mode for scheduling transmissions (see Figure 1). If
three operators agree in advance to</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">select the
options 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3, their FST4W transmissions
will occur in fixed sequence with no two</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">stations
transmitting at once. Sequence 1 is the first sequence
after 00:00:00 UTC. For WSPR-like</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">scheduling
behavior, select Random.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Optional
noise blanking is available and appears to be
effective in handling typical atmospheric noise on</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">LF and MF
bands. A spinner control labeled NB nn % is located on
the FST4 and FST4W main</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">window, just
below the band-change control. Set this control to a
suggested percentage of data samples</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">to be
blanked. We have found that levels in the 10 – 15%
range work well in summer conditions on LF/</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">MF bands, but
you will probably want to experiment. Data displayed
on the waterfall and saved to .wav</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">files do not
have blanking applied.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Figure 1:
Controls for “Round Robin” scheduling and other
features for FST4W mode.</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">As an example
of capabilities of the new modes, Figure 2 shows
decodes of FST4W-300A signals received on the 2200 m
band at NO3M on July 23, 2020. The weakest of these
signals are close to the decoding threshold for this
submode, SNR = -35 dB. Numbers at the end of each
decoded line are measurements of path Doppler spread
in Hz. To activate this feature, create a file named
plotspec in the current working directory and start
WSJT-X from the command line there. As a general rule,
decoding requires Doppler spreads less than the
submode tone spacing. Sensitivity is best when Doppler
pread is no more than 1/8 of the tone spacing.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">As with other
modes in WSJT-X, our development of FST4 started by
coding a simulator to generate Signals in any of the
submodes with specified SNR, Doppler spread, and
multi-path delays. The simulator is called fst4sim,
and is part of the test distribution package. Feel
free to use it for your own tests.In early testing we
will appreciate your detailed feedback on both
successes and failures. The FST4 decoder makes
internal adaptations that depend on the degree of
coherence found in received signals. Final
optimizations will depend on having representative
recordings of signals in propagation conditions</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">of particular
interest. Please use Save All or Save Decoded and
preserve the recorded .wav files for laterstudy.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Members of
the initial test group fall in two broad and
overlapping categories according to current</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">interests
known to us, as follows:</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">LF and MF:
2E0ILY KA1R K3MF K3RWR N1BUG N6LF NO3M VK4YB W1VD
W7IUV</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">EME: G3WDG
HB9Q K3MF K5DOG KA1GT PA2V VK4EME VK7MO W2HRO</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Many useful
tests will need pre-arrangement by two or more group
members. Among our highest</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">priority
needs are saved .wav files from two-way QSOs over
significant distances on the 2200 and 630 m</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">bands, and
decodable EME signals on all bands — but especially
50, 144, 432, and 1296 MHz, where</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FST4 is
likely to be most useful SOURCE:LINK</div>
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql
ii04i59q">
<div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><a
class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w
e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6
p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x
jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h
esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl py34i1dx gpro0wi8"
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role="link" tabindex="0">#hamradio</a></span> <span><a
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role="link" tabindex="0">#Digital_modes</a></span>
<span><a class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w
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role="link" tabindex="0">#FT8</a></span> <span><a
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role="link" tabindex="0">#FT4</a></span> <span><a
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role="link" tabindex="0">#FST4</a></span></div>
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